Związek Narodowo-Ludowy (People's National Association), Stronnictwo Narodowe (National Party), Obóz Wielkiej Polski (Camp of Great Poland), and Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny (National-Radical Camp). During the occupation, the national movement organised in the National Party was one of the members of the Government-in-Exile. Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny, ONR (National-Radical Camp), far-right political group founded in 1934, operated illegally from 1935. In 1935, the ONR milieu split into two factions: ONR ABC (during the occupation: Związek Jaszczurczy (Lizard Union) and Grupa Szańca (Rampart Group), and ONR-Falanga
FORCED LABOUR—as of 12 October 1939 all Jews between 14 and 60 years of age became subject to forced labour. Germans made the Jewish Council responsible for providing workers, and on 19 October the Council created a special agency for this purpose—the Labour Battalion. Initially, Jews were sent to work details in Warsaw, but as of the summer of 1940, also to labour camps. The hard forced labour could be avoided by paying a special tax.
FORCED LABOUR CAMPS—camps established in the General Government: from August 1940 in the districts of Lublin and Kraków, and from the spring of 1941 also in the district of Warsaw. Jews between 14 and 60 years of age who were subject to forced labour worked on road construction or drainage projects. Most of the people sent to the camps who returned to the ghetto were in very poor shape, both physically and mentally. Prisoners were often beaten; in some camps, executions were carried out. As there were no volunteers for the camps, from the spring of 1941 ghetto inhabitants were rounded up at random, typically at night, with the assistance of the Jewish Police and the blue police. The victims were usually those who could not afford a bribe, and thus the poorest among the ghetto’s inhabitants.
GENERAL GOVERNMENT (German Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete)—administrative-territorial entity established on 26 October 1939, covering that part of the German-occupied Polish territory which had not been annexed directly to the Reich. The GG was initially divided into four districts: Kraków, Radom, Lublin, and Warsaw. In August 1941, the fifth district was established, namely Galician.
GĘSIÓWKA—popular name for the central prison for Jews, established in mid-1941 in the ghetto at Gęsia Street 24. The inmates were primarily people who had been found outside the ghetto in violation of German decrees. In two cases—on 17 November and
