GPU (Russian) Gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravlyenye [State political executive]
Gulag (Russian) Glavnoye upravleniye ispravitel’no-trudovykh lagerey [Chief administration of correctional labour camps]
HIAS Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society, based in New York
HICEM acronym of HIAS, ICA, and Emigdirect
HWC Hersh Wasser Collection, YIVO, New York
ICA Jewish Colonisation Association, based in Paris
ID identity card
JDC see: AJDC
Joint see: AJDC
KdO (German) Kommandeur der Ordnungspolizei [Commanderof Order Police]
KdS (German) Kommandeur der Sicherheitspolizei [Commander of Security Police]
KIM (Russian) Kommunisticheskiy Internatsyonal Molodyozhi [Communist Youth International]
kolkhoz (Russian) Kollektivnoye khozyaystvo [Collective farming]
komandarm (Russian) komanduyushchiy armiyey [Commander of the army]
Komintern (Russian) Kommunisticheskiy internatsyonal [Communist international]
Komsomol (Russian) Kommunisticheskiy Soyuz Molodyiozhi [Union of Communist Youth]
komsorg (Russian) komsomol’skiy organizator [Komsomol organizer]
lit. literally
LOPP (Polish) Liga Obrony Przeciwlotniczej i Przeciwgazowej [League for Anti-aerial and Anti-chemical Defence]mm millimetres
MOPR (Russian) Mezhdunarodnaya Organizatzya Pomoshchi Bortsam Revolutsyi [International Organisation of Aid to Revolutionary Fighters]
NEP (Russian) Novaya Ekonomicheskaya Politika [New Economic Policy]
NKVD (Russian) Narodnyy Kommissaryat Vnutryennych Dyel [National Commissariat for Internal Affairs]
ABBREVIATIONS XIII
