most parents had chosen Russian. Incidentally, he could not justify his ownvote for Russian.
[6a] Normal teacher training involved a 3-year supplementary course for those who had completed a 7-year school. Those teachers, whether local residents or refugees, who had completed secondary education, merely attended special courses lasting a few months.
No new cooperatives were formed, except for craft associations. However,the large cooperatives which had existed before the war, for example the Ukrainian cooperatives, continued to exist.
Few Jews worked in agriculture. They were joined by only a very small number after the [outbreak of the] war.
On the other hand, large numbers of Jews flocked into state institutions, enterprises, and offices. The decisive factor was, first and foremost, the offer of employment, important for so many refugees as well as for those who had been declassed. And then there were the prospects for a good salary, better nourishment and … often for income on the side, as well. There were frequentcases of fraud in the warehouses where customers were cheated in weights and measures, where goods and products entrusted to the employee were appropriated for personal use or even wasted. Arrests and deportations followed. The rush for employment on the railways was motivated by the food allowances which railway employees received. There too, Jews were employed in [7(13)] significant numbers. There were also large numbers of Jews in the war industry. Their motive was the same. Namely, people working in the war industry enjoyed better, “first-category” rations as employees of the central government rather than the Federative Republic or local authorities. Pay rates,too, were higher and guaranteed.
The legal status of the refugees did not become clear immediately. Instability reigned for quite a long period. Refugees were not given precise information by anyone. The situation only became clarified with time. And so it often happened that a refugee was placed before a fait accompli which he could have avoided had he been adequately informed and which was contradictory to his own intentions.
The greatest disorientation was in the area of citizenship. The acquisition and grant of citizenship was and remained a mystery to many. The first to receive full citizenship rights immediately were political prisoners. Obviously the political prisoners in question had been facing a prison sentence or had
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