Jews shall wear patches (detailed instructions) on the back and the left side ofthe breast. Jews shall not walk on pavements, only in the road, […]. Jews are forbidden to use public parks, benches, and all means of transport”.
[1a]
IV III II
10 cm
I
10 cm
[drawing] [drawing] [drawing] [drawing]
yellow white-yellow white-yellow white-yellowwhite-yellow
patch patch ribbon patch
18/08 01/08 17/07 08/07
Announced by the Judenrat.
Harassment, torture, later released.
Took out all Jews from the prayer houses, brought out the Torah scrolls, burnt [them], Jews forced to dance in a circle.
[2] Bekanntmachung in Polish, Lithuanian, German.
The first Judenrat – approximately 3 weeks after the outbreak of war. The members’ task was to supply Jews for work. Among others: Rabbi Fried and Dr Wygodzki, Rabbi Szub, Werbliński, Milkanowicki (unofficially), and Petuchowski (later). The members carried out their duties […], themselves taken to work; on the way voluntarily replaced by other Jews; after work the Jews came back. Sometime later, at the beginning of August, Judenrat arrested. One member, Rabbi Szub, died in prison; of theothers, no trace.
The second Judenrat, appointed around the beginning of August, ordinary Jews, six members. The task was to supply workers for heavy physical labour – on the railway, on road works, burying bomb casualties, on barracks and airfields.
The Provocation of 29 August. On that day, placards saying: “Last night two Jewish murderers shot a German gendarme from a hiding place”. The
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