JOI N T – see: AJJDC
JU DEN R AT (JU DEN R ATS/JU DEN R ÄTE , pl) – (German) Jewish Council, German-appointed authorities for Jews; sometimes referred to as gmina or kehilla
K I BBU T Z (K I BBU T Z I M pl.) – (Hebrew) Jewish collective farm
KO M A N D I R – (Russian) head, commander
KO M A N D I R O V K A – (Russian) mission, official trip
[E IN SATZ] KOM M A N D O TILSIT – the SS unit, responsible for murder of Jews, communists, and Soviet POWs at the beginning of the German–Soviet war
KOMM U N I S T IC HE SK I Y SO Y U Z MOLODYIOZHI, KOMSOMOL – Soviet political and educational organisation, established in 1918 for young people under age 23
KOP E C K – Russian and then Soviet currency, 1/100 of a rouble
KRE S Y – lit. Polish: borderlands, geographical and symbolic term pertaining to eastern provinces of the first (pre-partition) and second (inter-war) Polish Republic, including parts of present Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine
KULTUR-L IGE – (Yiddish) league for culture, an association for education and publication in Yiddish, established in 1921 by Jewish refugees from Soviet Ukraine
L IT, L ITA I , LITAS – Lithuanian currency
M ACC A BI – Jewish international sport organisation, originated in Lvov in 1901; the Maccabi World Association dates from 1921; the world sport events under the Maccabi auspices started in Poland in 1929
M EZ H D UN A R O D N AYA ORGA N I Z AT Z YA POMOSHCHI BORTZAM REVOLUTZYI, MOPR – federation of national organisations caring for communist prisoners, with headquarters in Moscow, active 1922–1947
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