expelled was northern Mazovia. Still in 1939, all Jews were removed from
Goworowo, Nasielsk, Serock, Nowy Dwór, Ostrołęka, Ciechanów, Pułtusk, and
Wyszków, a total of about 30,000 people. In early 1941, about 10,000 Jews
were expelled from the Ciechanów Regierungsbezirk to cities and towns in
the Radom District of the GG.¹¹
Within the GG itself, several major expulsions were carried out. On 18 May
1940, the Stadthauptmann of the city of Kraków, Carl Schmid, ordered the
expulsion of most Jews; 15,000 people would remain. Until 15 August, the Jews
were allowed to leave Kraków voluntarily and choose their own place of residence
within the GG. After this period, resettlement was forced, therefore
in September 1940, 9,000 Jews were moved to various towns in the Kraków
District, and then in December, 11,000 to the Lublin District.¹²
From January to March 1941 another large operation within the GG was
the deportation of approximately 50,000 Jews from the small towns of the
Warsaw District to the Warsaw ghetto: from the counties of Sochaczew-Błonie,
Grójec, Łowicz and part of the Warsaw County. This operation was preceded
by the resettlement of Jews from villages and smaller towns to larger towns.
In the spring of 1942, the Jewish residents from villages near Warsaw: Wawer,
Okuniew, Miłosna, Pustelnik, Tłuszcz, and Radzymin; later in July, from Biała
Rawska – all were forced into the Warsaw ghetto.¹³ Meanwhile, the population
was also migrating in the opposite direction. Many of the resettled, unable
to support themselves, escaped from the Warsaw ghetto, often for the Lublin
District, since in the open ghettos obtaining food was less problematic than
in Warsaw (Docs. 27, 35, 36, 53).¹⁴
In several towns, the poorest were the subject of the forced resettlement.
In Radom in December 1940, 2,000 Jews were expelled on the basis
11 Michał Grynberg, Żydzi w rejencji ciechanowskiej 1939–1942 (Warszawa, 1984), pp. 90–97; Wysiedlenia, wypędzenia i ucieczki..., pp. 62–65, 110–114; Accounts from the Territories Annexed to the Third Reich (forthcoming).
12 Aleksander Bieberstein, Zagłada Żydów w Krakowie (Kraków, 1985), pp. 32–33, 39–40; Wysiedlenia, wypędzenia i ucieczki..., pp. 123–125.
13 Andrzej Żbikowski, Żydowscy przesiedleńcy z dystryktu warszawskiego w getcie warszawskim, 1939–1942 (z pogranicza opisu i interpretacji), in Prowincja noc. Życie i zagłada Żydów w dystrykcie warszawskim, ed. Barbara Engelking, Jacek Leociak, Dariusz Libionka (Warszawa, 2007), pp. 227–228.
14 Wysiedlenia, wypędzenia i ucieczki..., p. 120.
