by the Polish Army; with the war looming closer, the preparations intensified, however, after the outbreak of WWII the system proved weak and inefficient.
ONR (Polish, abbr. Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny) — National-Radical Camp, see Falanga.
OPL, see Obrona przeciwlotnicza.
ORDNUNGSDIENST see Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst.
ORDNUNGSPOLIZEI, ORPO (German) — order police, consisting of Schutzpolizei, gendarmerie and several other police formations.
ORT (Polish, acronym for Organizacja Rozwoju Twórczości [Przemysłowej Rzemieślniczej i Rolniczej wśród Ludności Żydowskiej w Polsce]) — The Society for the Propagation of Labour [among Jews], established in 1880 in Russia, then developed in many countries. Its main objective was and still is to support and develop vocational and agricultural skills among Jews.
OYNEG Shabes (Hebrew, Joy of Sabbath) — code name of the underground archive of the Warsaw Ghetto, also called the Ringelblum Archive, from the name of its organizer and leader, Polish-Jewish historian Emanuel Ringelblum.
OZON, OZON see Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego.
PAWIAK PRISON — the biggest German political prison, on Pawia Street in Warsaw (hence the name). During the German occupation, approximately 100,000 people were kept there, of whom 37,000 were murdered, including Emanuel Ringelblum and his family.
PFENNIG, see Reichspfennig.
PICKETS, picketing, picketeers — groups of young Polish nationalists who blocked
doors to Jewish stores.
PKO, see Polska Kasa Oszczędności.
PLACÓWKA (Polish, pl. placówki) — detail work site.
POALEI AGUDAT ISRAEL (Hebrew, Jewish Workers Union) — Jewish Orthodox labour party established in Łódź in 1922, affiliated with Agudat Israel.
POALEI ZION (Hebrew, Workers of Zion) — international leftist Zionist organisation, established in 1905; active in Poland from 1918; split in 1920 into Right Poalei Zion and Left Poalei Zion; the latter had considerably more followers.
